Summary of Verb Forms in Sanskrit
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Types of Sentences:
- कर्तृवाच्यम् (Agentive Voice): Focus on the doer.
- कर्मवाच्यम् (Objective Voice): Focus on the action done.
- भाववाच्यम् (Impersonal Voice): Focus on the state or condition.
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Examples of Verb Conjugation:
- Active Voice:
- अहं जलं पिबामि। (I drink water.)
- बालक: पाठं पठति। (The boy reads the lesson.)
- Passive Voice:
- मया जलं पीयते। (Water is drunk by me.)
- बालकेन पाठः पठ्यते। (The lesson is read by the boy.)
- Active Voice:
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Common Verbs and Their Forms:
- गच्छति (go) → गम्यते (is gone)
- पठति (read) → पठ्यते (is read)
- खादति (eat) → खाद्यते (is eaten)
- क्रीडति (play) → क्रीड्यते (is played)
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Key Notes:
- In कर्तृवाच्यम्, the subject is in the nominative case.
- In कर्मवाच्यम्, the subject is in the accusative case.
- Certain verbs are intransitive and require transformation into भाववाच्यम्.