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The Mark on the Wall

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The Mark on the Wall

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Learning Objectives

Learning Objectives

  • Identify and categorize content words and function words in sentences.
  • Analyze the role of conjunctions, pronouns, determiners, and prepositions in sentence structure.
  • Explain the difference between strong and weak forms in pronunciation.
  • Discuss the significance of imagery and reflections in literary texts.
  • Evaluate the impact of narration styles on reader engagement and understanding.

Detailed Notes

Language Work

Grammar: Content Words and Function Words

A sentence has words in it. What kind of words? It has:
  • Nouns:
    (1a) I looked up and saw the mark on the wall.
  • Verbs:
    (1b) I looked up and saw the mark on the wall.
  • Adjectives:
    (2a) How readily our thoughts swarm upon a new object...
  • Adverbs:
    (2b) How readily our thoughts swarm upon a new object….
Such words have a meaning that can be readily explained; these words can be defined. They also have content. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are content words.

Function Words

But what about the remaining words in our examples above? Take for example the word and. What is its 'meaning'?
  • Conjunction: It joins together two words, phrases, or sentences.
Function words are the kind of words that we leave out when we send telegrams, when we can guess at the meaning. For example:
  • ...saw mark on wall
What words have been left out in this message? Two occurrences of the word the. We can call the the definite article. Its function is to show that a unique mark on a unique wall is being spoken about.

Types of Function Words

  • Definite and Indefinite Articles: Function words.
  • Pronouns: Occupy the place of a noun; treated as function words.
  • Prepositions: Can be treated as content words or function words depending on context.
  • Question Words: Such as how, which can also serve different functions in sentences.

Summary

Summing up:
  • Content words: Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and perhaps prepositions.
  • Function words: Include conjunctions, pronouns, determiners, demonstratives, quantifiers, intensifiers, and question words.

Practice & Assessment