Learning Objectives
- Sing basic songs in Carnatic and Hindustani music.
- Keep tala while singing or listening to a composition.
- Understand the importance of the Bhakti movement and sing a devotional song.
Indian Classical Music
Learning Objectives
TopRevision Notes & Summary
TopChapter 7: Indian Classical Music
Learning Outcomes
- Ability to sing basic songs in Carnatic and Hindustani music.
- Ability to keep tala while singing or listening to a composition.
- Understand the importance of the Bhakti movement and sing a devotional song.
Talas in Carnatic Music
There are seven main talas in Carnatic music:
- Dhruva
- Mattya
- Rupaka
- Jhampa
- Triputa
- Ata
- Eka
Angas of Tala
The three main parts or angas that make tala are:
- Laghu (clap and finger counts)
- Drutam (clap and wave)
- Anudrutam (beat)
Example of Tala
- Mishra Jathi Jhampa Talama Alankaram: I, U 0 = 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 Beats
- Khanda Jathi Ata Talama Alankaram: I5 I 5 0 0 = 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 14 Beats
Raga Asavari
- Origin: Asavari thaat
- Notes: Gandhar, Dhaivat, Nishad (komal); remaining notes are shudh.
- Vaadi Note: Dhaivat
- Samvaadi Note: Gandhar
- Jathi: Audav-sampoorna
- Singing Time: 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Arohana and Avarohana
- Arohana: S, R, MP, D, S
- Avarohana: S, N, D, P, MG, R, S
Bhakti Sangeet and Sufi Qawwali
- Bhakti Movement: Significant religious, social, and literary movement emphasizing devotion.
- Influence on Music: Led to new musical forms like kirtanas and bhajans.
- Prominent Poets: Mirabai, Tulsidas, Purandara Dasa, Kanakadasa.
- Sufism: Emerged around the medieval period, focusing on inner devotion.
- Sufi Qawwali: Genre of music arising from Sufi philosophy, widely practiced in Punjab and western India.
Example Compositions
- Sri Ganeshan Bhajare: A composition with parts including pallavi, anupallavi, and charanam.
- Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra: A bhajan by Tulsidas.
- Duma Dum Mast Kalandar: A Sufi Qawwali.