Learning Objectives

• Sing basic songs in Carnatic and Hindustani music.
• Keep tala while singing or listening to a composition.
• Understand the importance of the Bhakti movement and sing a devotional song.

Chapter 7: Indian Classical Music

Learning Outcomes

• Ability to sing basic songs in Carnatic and Hindustani music.
• Ability to keep tala while singing or listening to a composition.
• Understand the importance of the Bhakti movement and sing a devotional song.

Talas in Carnatic Music

1. Dhruva
2. Mattya
3. Rupaka
4. Jhampa
5. Triputa
6. Ata
7. Eka

Angas of Tala

1. Laghu (clap and finger counts)
2. Drutam (clap and wave)
3. Anudrutam (beat)

Example of Tala

• Mishra Jathi Jhampa Talama Alankaram: I, U 0 = 7 + 1 + 2 = 10 Beats
• Khanda Jathi Ata Talama Alankaram: I5 I 5 0 0 = 5 + 5 + 2 + 2 = 14 Beats

Raga Asavari

• Origin: Asavari thaat
• Notes: Gandhar, Dhaivat, Nishad (komal); remaining notes are shudh.
• Vaadi Note: Dhaivat
• Samvaadi Note: Gandhar
• Jathi: Audav-sampoorna
• Singing Time: 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.

Arohana and Avarohana

• Arohana: S, R, MP, D, S
• Avarohana: S, N, D, P, MG, R, S

Bhakti Sangeet and Sufi Qawwali

• Bhakti Movement: Significant religious, social, and literary movement emphasizing devotion.
• Influence on Music: Led to new musical forms like kirtanas and bhajans.
• Prominent Poets: Mirabai, Tulsidas, Purandara Dasa, Kanakadasa.
• Sufism: Emerged around the medieval period, focusing on inner devotion.
• Sufi Qawwali: Genre of music arising from Sufi philosophy, widely practiced in Punjab and western India.

Example Compositions

• Sri Ganeshan Bhajare: A composition with parts including pallavi, anupallavi, and charanam.
• Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra: A bhajan by Tulsidas.
• Duma Dum Mast Kalandar: A Sufi Qawwali.