Learning Objectives

• Participate in chanting shlokas with clear enunciation and coordination.
• Understand the concept of a canon and participate in singing a simple canon.
• Analyze a song of choice and identify its musical elements.
• Develop openness to explore and express through various art forms.
• Express personal experiences through a variety of musical activities.
• Demonstrate flexibility in collaboratively developing music practices.
• Apply imagination and creativity to explore alternative ideas through arts.
• Create and perform songs that challenge stereotypes observed in surroundings.
• Connect elements of music with personal experiences, emotions, and imaginations.
• Demonstrate familiarity with various local and regional forms of music.

Chapter 5: Making Music

Learning Outcomes

• 1.1 Participates in chanting shlokas with clear enunciation and coordination.
• 1.2 Understands the concept of a canon and is able to participate in singing a simple canon.
• 2.2 Is able to analyze a song of their choice and identify its musical elements.

Activity 5.1: Exploring Songs

Template for Song Analysis

• Title of the song:
• Year of release:
• Theme:
• Form/Style/Genre:
• Artist(s):
• Composer:
• Lyricist:

Questions to Discuss

• What is the tempo of this song? Is it fast or slow? Does it change during the song?
• Is it mostly in a high, medium, or low pitch? Does it change during the song?
• What is the mood of the song? What do you like about the song? Would you like to change the mood of the song? How?
• Is the arrangement heavy (with lots of instruments and beats) or light? How many layers and different lines can you hear at the same time?

Common Musical Terms

• AADHARA SHRUTI/AADHAR SWAR: The base note according to which music is played or sung.
• SWARA: A note in music. There are seven notes in Indian music - Sa, Ri/Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni.
• RAGA: A group of notes that come together as per certain rules to create a melody.
• TALA/TAAL: A rhythm cycle, comprising a number of beats.
• LAYA: Tempo or speed. It can vary from slow to fast.
• AROHA/AROHANA: The ascending scale of a raga.
• AVROHA/AVAROHANA: The descending scale of a raga.
• SARGAM: A pattern of notes.

Activity 5.2: Measure Your Accuracy

• Sing a song that you are comfortable singing. You can use a karaoke track if you have one.
• Record yourself singing and listen back — see where you are in pitch and rhythm, and where you are not.
• Compare your version to the original audio and note the areas of improvement.
• Identify someone else to listen and give you constructive feedback.

Important Concepts

• Layers: Different types of sounds in a song, including drum beats, various instruments, and voices.
• Harmony: When multiple voices create a pleasing blend of different notes.
• Canon: A musical form where different groups sing the same melody but start at different times.
• Ritvij: A Vedic priest involved in the chanting and performance of sacred hymns.

Common Mistakes and Exam Tips

Common Pitfalls

• Lack of Participation: Students may hesitate to participate in group activities like chanting shlokas or singing canons. This can hinder their learning experience.
• Ignoring Musical Elements: Failing to analyze songs for their musical elements (like tempo, pitch, and mood) can lead to a superficial understanding of music.
• Not Seeking Feedback: Students might not seek constructive feedback from peers or teachers after performances, which is crucial for improvement.

Tips for Success

• Engage Actively: Encourage students to participate actively in all musical activities, as this fosters a deeper connection to the material.
• Analyze Thoroughly: Remind students to take time to analyze the songs they choose, focusing on elements such as lyrics, raagas, rhythms, and emotional connections.
• Record and Reflect: Suggest that students record their performances and listen back to identify areas for improvement. This self-assessment can be very beneficial.
• Collaborate: Promote teamwork by having students work in groups for singing canons, as this helps them learn from each other and appreciate harmony in music.