Control and Coordination

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CBSE Learning Objectives – Key Concepts & Skills You Must Know

Learning Objectives

Understand the role of the nervous system in control and coordination of body activities.
Explain how hormones contribute to chemical coordination in organisms.
Describe the structure and function of neurons and their role in transmitting signals.
Identify the differences between voluntary and involuntary actions in the nervous system.
Analyze the mechanisms of reflex actions and their significance.
Discuss the processes of phototropism and geotropism in plants.
Compare and contrast the nervous and hormonal systems in terms of control and coordination.
Recognize the importance of feedback mechanisms in hormonal regulation.

CBSE Revision Notes & Quick Summary for Last-Minute Study

Chapter 6: Control and Coordination

Introduction

Movement is often associated with life.
Movements can be due to growth (e.g., plants) or not (e.g., animals).
Movements are responses to environmental changes.

Control and Coordination in Animals

Nervous System

Control and coordination in animals are provided by nervous and muscular tissues.
The nervous system uses electrical impulses to transmit messages.
Responses can be classified as:
- Reflex action
- Voluntary action
- Involuntary action

Brain Functions

Different parts of the brain have specific functions:
- Cerebrum: Higher functions like thinking.
- Cerebellum: Precision of voluntary actions and balance.
- Medulla: Controls involuntary actions (e.g., heartbeat).

Reflex Actions

Reflex actions occur without conscious thought.
Example: Mouth watering at the sight of food.

Control and Coordination in Plants

Hormonal Coordination

Plants respond to stimuli without a nervous system.
Hormones regulate growth and responses to stimuli.

Tropic Movements

Phototropism: Shoots grow towards light, roots grow away.
Geotropism: Roots grow downwards, shoots grow upwards.
Hydrotropism: Growth in response to water.
Chemotropism: Growth towards chemicals (e.g., pollen tubes).

Important Hormones and Their Functions

S.No.	Hormone	Endocrine Gland	Functions
1	Growth hormone	Pituitary gland	Stimulates growth in all organs
2	Thyroxine	Thyroid gland	Regulates metabolism for body growth
3	Insulin	Pancreas	Regulates blood sugar level
4	Testosterone	Testes	Development of male sex organs
5	Estrogen	Ovaries	Development of female sex organs, regulates menstrual cycle
6	Adrenaline	Adrenal gland	Prepares body for fight or flight
7	Releasing hormones	Hypothalamus	Stimulates pituitary gland to release hormones

Conclusion

Control and coordination are essential for survival in both animals and plants.

CBSE Exam Tips, Important Questions & Common Mistakes to Avoid

Common Mistakes and Exam Tips

Common Pitfalls

Misunderstanding Plant Hormones: Students often confuse plant hormones with animal hormones. Remember that plant hormones like cytokinin are distinct from insulin and other animal hormones.
Confusing Neuron Structures: Be clear about the functions of dendrites, axons, and synapses. Misidentifying these can lead to incorrect answers in questions about neuron functions.
Overlooking Feedback Mechanisms: Many students forget to mention feedback mechanisms when discussing hormone regulation, which is crucial for understanding how hormones like insulin function.
Neglecting the Role of the Brain: Students may not fully explain the brain's role in reflex actions, often omitting the involvement of specific brain regions like the medulla and cerebellum.

Exam Tips

Label Diagrams Clearly: When asked to draw structures like neurons or the human brain, ensure all parts are labeled accurately to avoid losing marks.
Use Examples: When discussing concepts like tropism, provide specific examples (e.g., phototropism in sunflowers) to illustrate your understanding.
Differentiate Actions: Clearly differentiate between voluntary, involuntary, and reflex actions in your answers to avoid confusion.
Practice with Past Questions: Familiarize yourself with common exam questions, especially those related to the nervous system and hormonal control, to improve your confidence and performance.

CBSE Quiz & Practice Test – MCQs, True/False Questions with Solutions

Multiple Choice Questions

Thyroxin

Insulin

Adrenaline

Testosterone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels.

Auxin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Cytokinins are plant hormones that promote cell division and are naturally found in higher concentrations in areas of rapid cell division, such as fruits and seeds.

Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland

Adrenal gland

Pancreas

Correct Answer: D

Solution:

The pancreas is responsible for the secretion of insulin, which helps in regulating blood sugar levels.

Fore-brain

Mid-brain

Hind-brain

Spinal cord

Correct Answer: A

Solution:

The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain and processes sensory information.

Sensory neuron

Motor neuron

Relay neuron

Cranial neuron

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

In a reflex arc, the relay neuron (also known as interneuron) transmits the signal from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron.

Hormone secretion

Muscle contraction

Cell division

Photosynthesis

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Muscle contraction is directly controlled by electrical impulses transmitted through nerves. Blocking these impulses would prevent the muscles from contracting.

Insulin

Adrenaline

Thyroxin

Testosterone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands and prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses by increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles.

It is the main thinking part of the brain.

It controls involuntary actions.

It transmits messages between the brain and the body.

It regulates hormone secretion.

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The spinal cord transmits messages between the brain and the body, facilitating communication within the central nervous system.

Heart rate decreases

Blood sugar level decreases

Breathing rate increases

Blood flow to muscles decreases

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Adrenaline increases the heart rate and breathing rate, preparing the body for 'fight or flight' response.

Fore-brain

Mid-brain

Hind-brain

Spinal cord

Correct Answer: A

Solution:

The fore-brain is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating voluntary actions.

Thyroxin

Adrenaline

Insulin

Testosterone

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps in regulating blood sugar levels.

Thyroxin

Insulin

Growth hormone

Adrenaline

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Growth hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, stimulates growth in all organs.

Regulation of involuntary actions

Coordination of voluntary movements

Processing of sensory information and thinking

Maintaining balance and posture

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain, responsible for processing sensory information and integrating it with stored information to generate responses.

The plant will bend towards the light source.

The plant will bend away from the light source.

The plant will grow straight upwards.

The plant will stop growing.

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Auxin causes cells to elongate. Normally, auxin accumulates on the shaded side, causing the plant to bend towards the light. If auxin is increased on the light-facing side, it will cause those cells to elongate more, bending the plant away from the light.

Inhibiting growth

Promoting cell division

Stimulating cells to grow longer

Promoting fruit ripening

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that stimulates cells to grow longer, especially on the side of the plant away from light, causing the plant to bend towards the light.

Regulating metabolism for body growth

Stimulating growth in all organs

Regulating blood sugar level

Preparing the body for stress

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Electrical impulses are directly transmitted

Chemical signals are released

Neurons physically connect

Neurons fuse together

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

At the synapse, chemical signals are released to transmit the impulse from one neuron to the next.

Thyroxin

Insulin

Growth hormone

Adrenaline

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Growth hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, stimulates growth in all organs of the body.

Auxin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: D

Solution:

Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits growth and can cause wilting of leaves.

Spinal cord

Medulla

Fore-brain

Mid-brain

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain and is responsible for voluntary actions.

Geotropism

Hydrotropism

Phototropism

Chemotropism

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Shoots exhibit phototropism by bending towards light.

Regulating blood sugar levels

Maintaining posture and balance

Controlling voluntary muscle movements

Processing sensory information

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining posture and balance, as well as coordinating voluntary movements.

Auxin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: D

Solution:

Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that inhibits growth and is associated with the wilting of leaves.

Insulin

Adrenaline

Thyroxin

Growth hormone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands and helps prepare the body for 'fight or flight' by increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow.

It controls voluntary actions.

It regulates involuntary actions such as blood pressure and salivation.

It is responsible for memory storage.

It coordinates sensory information.

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The medulla in the hind-brain controls involuntary actions, including blood pressure, salivation, and vomiting.

Thyroid gland

Adrenal gland

Pituitary gland

Pancreas

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The pituitary gland secretes the growth hormone, which stimulates growth in all organs.

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Mid-brain

Medulla

Correct Answer: D

Solution:

The medulla, located in the hind-brain, is responsible for controlling involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate.

It regulates metabolism.

It controls voluntary muscle movements.

It stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones.

It is responsible for balance and coordination.

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The hypothalamus plays an important role in the release of many hormones by stimulating the pituitary gland.

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla

Hypothalamus

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

Insulin

Thyroxin

Adrenaline

Growth hormone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Thyroxin is produced by the thyroid gland and is essential for regulating metabolism, including carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism.

Adrenaline

Insulin

Thyroxin

Growth Hormone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels.

Phototropism

Hydrotropism

Geotropism

Chemotropism

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Geotropism is the growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity. Roots exhibit positive geotropism by growing downwards towards the gravitational pull.

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Auxin

Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation on the side of the shoot that is away from the light, causing the plant to bend towards the light.

Fore-brain

Mid-brain

Hind-brain

Spinal cord

Correct Answer: A

Solution:

The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain and has regions specialized for processing sensory information like sight and sound.

The plant will grow taller than normal.

The plant will show stunted growth.

The plant will flower earlier.

The plant will produce more seeds.

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Growth hormone is crucial for the elongation of plant cells. Inhibiting it would result in stunted growth.

Insulin

Thyroxin

Adrenaline

Growth hormone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Thyroxin, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism for body growth.

Reflex actions

Transmission of nerve impulses to the brain

Coordination of voluntary actions

Regulation of hormone release

Correct Answer: D

Solution:

The spinal cord is involved in reflex actions and transmitting nerve impulses to the brain, but it does not regulate hormone release. Hormone regulation is primarily a function of the endocrine system.

Adrenaline

Thyroxine

Insulin

Testosterone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Thyroxine regulates metabolism. A deficiency in thyroxine can lead to a reduced metabolic rate and symptoms such as fatigue.

Oestrogen

Insulin

Testosterone

Thyroxin

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Testosterone, secreted by the testes, is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.

Sensory neuron

Motor neuron

Relay neuron

Interneuron

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

In a reflex arc, the motor neuron directly stimulates the effector muscle to withdraw the hand from a hot object.

Cerebrum

Spinal cord

Cerebellum

Mid-brain

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The spinal cord is involved in reflex actions, as it can process reflex arcs without involving the brain.

Insulin

Adrenaline

Thyroxin

Growth hormone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands and is responsible for preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses by increasing heart rate, redirecting blood flow, and increasing breathing rate.

Insulin

Thyroxin

Adrenaline

Testosterone

Correct Answer: A

Solution:

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

Insulin

Adrenaline

Thyroxin

Growth Hormone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands and is responsible for preparing the body for 'fight or flight' response by increasing heart rate, diverting blood to muscles, and increasing breathing rate.

Inhibits growth

Promotes cell division

Helps cells grow longer

Wilting of leaves

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that helps cells to grow longer, especially when light is coming from one side of the plant.

Shoots bend away from light

Roots grow towards light

Shoots bend towards light

Roots grow upwards

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Shoots respond by bending towards light, which is an example of phototropic movement.

Regulates metabolism

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response

Regulates blood sugar levels

Stimulates growth

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Adrenaline is secreted from the adrenal glands and prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response by increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow.

Auxin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: A

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation. When light is coming from one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the shady side of the shoot, causing the plant to bend towards the light.

Cerebellum

Medulla

Fore-brain

Spinal cord

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The fore-brain is the main thinking part of the brain and has regions that receive sensory impulses from various receptors.

Insulin; leads to diabetes

Thyroxin; leads to goitre

Growth hormone; leads to dwarfism

Adrenaline; leads to stress

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Thyroxin, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism. A deficiency can lead to goitre, characterized by a swollen neck.

Thyroxin

Insulin

Adrenaline

Testosterone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps in regulating blood sugar levels. Insufficient insulin can lead to diabetes.

Sensory neuron → Relay neuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Motor neuron → Sensory neuron → Relay neuron → Effector

Relay neuron → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Effector

Effector → Motor neuron → Relay neuron → Sensory neuron

Correct Answer: A

Solution:

In a reflex arc, the sequence is: Sensory neuron detects the stimulus, passes the information to the relay neuron, which then communicates with the motor neuron to trigger the effector.

Through chemical signals only

By sending electrical impulses

By releasing hormones

Through direct physical contact

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The nervous system communicates with muscles by sending electrical impulses, which trigger muscle contraction and movement.

To control voluntary actions

To coordinate reflex actions

To produce hormones

To process sensory information

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The spinal cord is involved in coordinating reflex actions by transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla

Hypothalamus

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining posture and balance.

Cerebellum

Hypothalamus

Mid-brain

Pituitary gland

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The sensation of feeling full is due to a center associated with hunger in the hypothalamus.

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla

Hypothalamus

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is part of the hind-brain responsible for the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining posture and balance.

Fore-brain

Spinal cord

Cerebellum

Mid-brain

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Reflex actions are primarily controlled by the spinal cord, which acts as a relay center for reflex arcs.

Controlling involuntary actions like heart rate

Maintaining posture and balance

Processing visual information

Coordinating voluntary muscle movements

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The hind-brain, including the medulla and cerebellum, controls involuntary actions, maintains posture and balance, and coordinates voluntary muscle movements. Processing visual information is primarily a function of the fore-brain.

Regulating involuntary actions

Coordinating voluntary movements

Processing sensory information and thinking

Maintaining balance and posture

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The cerebrum is the main thinking part of the brain and is responsible for processing sensory information and facilitating thought processes.

Regulates blood sugar levels

Promotes growth and cell division

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' by increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow

Regulates metabolism for body growth

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Adrenaline is secreted from the adrenal glands and prepares the body for 'fight or flight' by increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow to muscles.

Phototropism

Geotropism

Hydrotropism

Chemotropism

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Geotropism is the growth of plant parts in response to gravity, with roots growing downwards and shoots growing upwards.

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla

Hypothalamus

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

Thyroxin

Insulin

Adrenaline

Testosterone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Insulin is produced by the pancreas and helps in regulating blood sugar levels.

Controls voluntary actions

Maintains posture and balance

Processes visual information

Regulates hormone release

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for maintaining posture and balance of the body.

Auxin

Gibberellin

Cytokinin

Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: A

Solution:

Auxin is the hormone that promotes the elongation of cells on the side of the plant shoot that is away from light, causing the plant to bend towards the light source.

Promotes cell division in roots

Inhibits growth in stems

Stimulates cell elongation on the shaded side of the plant

Facilitates wilting of leaves

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that stimulates cell elongation on the shaded side of the plant, causing the plant to bend towards the light.

Regulates blood sugar levels

Increases heart rate and breathing rate

Promotes growth in children

Regulates metabolism for body growth

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Adrenaline increases heart rate and breathing rate to prepare the body for 'fight or flight' response.

It secretes insulin.

It regulates metabolism.

It stimulates the pituitary gland to release hormones.

It controls voluntary muscle movements.

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The hypothalamus releases factors that stimulate the pituitary gland to release hormones.

Regulates metabolism

Stimulates growth in all organs

Regulates blood sugar levels

Controls voluntary muscle movements

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone, which stimulates growth in all organs.

Walking

Breathing

Touching a hot object and pulling away

Digesting food

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Touching a hot object and pulling away is a reflex action, which is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla

Hypothalamus

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body. It integrates sensory information to produce coordinated movements.

It secretes insulin.

It stimulates the release of growth hormone.

It produces adrenaline.

It regulates blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The hypothalamus releases growth hormone releasing factor, which stimulates the pituitary gland to release growth hormone.

Writing a letter

Breathing

Withdrawing hand from a hot object

Walking

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Withdrawing a hand from a hot object is a reflex action, which is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

Insulin

Adrenaline

Thyroxine

Growth hormone

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Adrenaline is known to increase heart rate as part of the body's 'fight or flight' response, preparing the organism for rapid action.

Gibberellins

Cytokinins

Auxin

Abscisic acid

Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, particularly in response to light, causing the plant to bend towards the light source.

Auxin accumulates on the side facing the light, causing the plant to bend away from the light.

Auxin accumulates on the side away from the light, causing cells to elongate and the plant to bend towards the light.

Auxin is uniformly distributed, causing no bending towards the light.

Auxin causes the plant to stop growing entirely.

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that diffuses towards the shady side of the plant, stimulating cell elongation on that side, causing the plant to bend towards the light.

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla

Pons

Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

True or False

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas, not the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone and other hormones.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, especially in the stem, and is responsible for the bending of plants towards light.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Hormones are chemical messengers that can affect cells throughout the body, not just those connected by nervous tissue.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The brain, not the spinal cord, is the main coordinating center of the body. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system along with the brain.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Adrenaline, secreted by the adrenal glands, prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses by increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow to muscles.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The movement of the sensitive plant in response to touch is very quick, whereas the movement of sunflowers in response to day or night is slower.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The cerebellum, located in the hind-brain, is crucial for ensuring the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the body's posture and balance.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The hypothalamus releases factors that stimulate the pituitary gland to release various hormones.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The spinal cord is not only involved in reflex actions but also plays a role in voluntary actions by supplying information to the brain, which is the main coordinating center.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Auxins are plant hormones that promote cell elongation on the shaded side of the plant, causing the plant to bend towards the light.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Plants show tropic movements in response to environmental stimuli like light and gravity, with shoots bending towards light and roots growing downwards due to gravity.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Adrenaline is a hormone that increases heart rate and energy supply, preparing the body for quick action.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Plants show tropic movements like phototropism (response to light) and geotropism (response to gravity), which are directional growth responses to environmental stimuli.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Iodine is essential for the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin, which regulates metabolism for body growth.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat are controlled by the mid-brain and hind-brain, not the fore-brain.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system and is involved in reflex actions, but involuntary actions like breathing and heartbeat are controlled by the brain, specifically the medulla in the hind-brain.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands, and they play a key role in the coordination of various physiological processes in animals.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The cerebellum, part of the hind-brain, is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining posture and balance.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The cerebellum, a part of the hind-brain, is responsible for the precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The spinal cord is not only responsible for reflex actions but also supplies information to the brain for thinking and decision-making.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Plants do not have a nervous system like animals. They respond to stimuli through chemical means using hormones.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Adrenaline, secreted by the adrenal glands, increases heart rate and redirects blood flow to prepare the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Hormones are used for slower, sustained responses, while electrical impulses are used for fast responses to stimuli in animals.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Phototropic movement in plants involves shoots bending towards light and roots bending away from it, as a response to environmental stimuli.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Adrenaline affects multiple organs, not just the heart. It increases heart rate, redirects blood flow, and increases breathing rate to prepare the body for stress.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Plants respond to environmental stimuli through chemical signals and tropic movements, despite lacking a nervous system.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The spinal cord is involved in reflex actions but also plays a role in voluntary actions by supplying information to the brain for decision-making.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that promotes growth by causing cells to elongate, especially in response to light.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The cerebrum is indeed the main thinking part of the brain. It processes sensory information and is involved in decision-making.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining posture and balance, not involuntary actions.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands and helps prepare the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate and redirecting blood flow.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The cerebellum, a part of the hind-brain, is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining the posture and balance of the body.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The fore-brain is responsible for receiving sensory impulses and processing them, making it the main thinking part of the brain.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The hypothalamus is involved in releasing hormones that regulate many body functions, such as the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Plants do not use electrical impulses; they use chemical signals like hormones for response to stimuli.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The cerebellum is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining posture and balance, not involuntary actions like heartbeats and digestion.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands and play a crucial role in the coordination of growth and other functions in the body.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The sensitive plant's leaves move quickly in response to touch, whereas the movement of shoots towards light is a slower, growth-related process.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

While the spinal cord plays a major role in reflex actions, the brain also coordinates complex reflex actions.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin, which regulates metabolism.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Plants do not use electrical impulses for communication; they rely on chemical signals such as hormones for coordination.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Plants exhibit movement in response to environmental stimuli like light, which is often linked to growth. For example, shoots bend towards light due to the growth-promoting hormone auxin.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The cerebrum is responsible for processing sensory information and is considered the main thinking part of the brain.

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Auxin is a plant hormone that diffuses towards the shaded side of a shoot, promoting cell growth there and causing the shoot to bend towards light.

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Insulin is secreted by the pancreas, not the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone among others.

Control and Coordination

AI Learning Assistant

CBSE Learning Objectives – Key Concepts & Skills You Must Know

Learning Objectives

CBSE Revision Notes & Quick Summary for Last-Minute Study

Chapter 6: Control and Coordination

Introduction

Control and Coordination in Animals

Nervous System

Brain Functions

Reflex Actions

Control and Coordination in Plants

Hormonal Coordination

Tropic Movements

Important Hormones and Their Functions

Conclusion

CBSE Exam Tips, Important Questions & Common Mistakes to Avoid

Common Mistakes and Exam Tips

Common Pitfalls

Exam Tips

Multiple Choice Questions

Q1.Which of the following hormones is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels and is secreted by the pancreas?

Correct Answer: B

Q2.In the context of plant growth, which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting cell division and is found in higher concentrations in fruits and seeds?

Correct Answer: C

Q3.Which gland is responsible for the secretion of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels?

Correct Answer: D

Q4.Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing sensory information and is considered the main thinking part?

Correct Answer: A

Q5.In a reflex arc involving the withdrawal of a hand from a hot object, which type of neuron transmits the signal from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron?

Correct Answer: C

Q6.In an experiment, a scientist blocks the transmission of electrical impulses in a nerve. Which of the following processes would be directly affected?

Correct Answer: B

Q7.Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands and prepares the body to respond to stressful situations by increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles?

Correct Answer: B

Q8.What is the function of the spinal cord in the human body?

Correct Answer: C

Q9.What happens when adrenaline is secreted into the blood?

Correct Answer: C

Q10.Which part of the brain is responsible for integrating sensory information and coordinating voluntary actions?

Correct Answer: A

Q11.Which hormone is essential for regulating blood sugar levels?

Correct Answer: C

Q12.Which hormone is responsible for stimulating growth in all organs?

Correct Answer: C

Q13.What is the primary function of the fore-brain in the human nervous system?

Correct Answer: C

Q14.In a hypothetical scenario, a plant is exposed to a unidirectional source of light. If the concentration of auxin is artificially increased on the side of the plant facing the light, what would be the expected growth pattern?

Correct Answer: B

Q15.In the context of plant growth, what is the primary role of auxin?

Correct Answer: C

Q16.What is the role of insulin in the human body?

Correct Answer: C

Q17.What happens at the synapse between two neurons?

Correct Answer: B

Q18.Which hormone is responsible for stimulating growth in all organs and is secreted by the pituitary gland?

Correct Answer: C

Q19.Which of the following is an example of a plant hormone that inhibits growth?

Correct Answer: D

Q20.Which part of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary actions?

Correct Answer: C

Q21.What type of movement do shoots exhibit in response to light?

Correct Answer: C

Q22.What is the primary function of the cerebellum in the human brain?

Correct Answer: B

Q23.Which plant hormone is known to inhibit growth and is associated with the wilting of leaves?

Correct Answer: D

Q24.Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for a 'fight or flight' response?

Correct Answer: B

Q25.What is the primary function of the medulla in the hind-brain?

Correct Answer: B

Q26.Which gland secretes the growth hormone?

Correct Answer: C

Q27.Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary actions such as breathing and heart rate?

Correct Answer: D

Q28.What role does the hypothalamus play in the endocrine system?

Correct Answer: C

Q29.Which part of the human brain is primarily responsible for maintaining posture and balance during activities such as walking or riding a bicycle?

Correct Answer: B

Q30.Which hormone is essential for the regulation of metabolism and is produced by the thyroid gland?