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Population distribution - Density and Growth and Composition

Population distribution - Density and Growth and Composition

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Study Action Plan (Sorted by Difficulty)
Linguistic and Religious Composition
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Occupational Structure and Economic Sectors
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Population Distribution and Density in India
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Population Growth and Demographic Transition in India
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Rural-Urban Composition and Migration
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High

Learning Objectives

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Learning Objectives

  • Understand the significance of population as a component of a country.
  • Analyze the patterns of population distribution in India.
  • Examine the sources of population data, particularly the Census operation.
  • Discuss the factors affecting population density and growth in India.
  • Evaluate the impact of climate on population distribution.
  • Identify states with large rural populations and reasons for their demographics.
  • Explore the occupational structure of India's population.
  • Assess the challenges faced by the adolescent population in India.
  • Review government policies aimed at youth empowerment and skill development.

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Revision Notes & Summary

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Chapter 1: Population

Overview

  • India is the second most populous country with a population of 1,210 million (2011).
  • The large population puts pressure on limited resources and contributes to socio-economic problems.

Sources of Population Data

  • Population data is collected through the Census every 10 years.
  • First complete Census conducted in 1881.

Distribution of Population

  • India has a highly uneven population distribution.
  • States with highest populations:
    • Uttar Pradesh
    • Maharashtra
    • Bihar
    • West Bengal

Factors Influencing Population Distribution

  • Climate affects population density; very hot, dry, and very cold, wet regions have low density.
  • Rural populations are significant in states like Himachal Pradesh and Bihar.

Population Growth Trends

  • Population growth rates vary by state; some states have seen declines while others have increased.
  • Example: Maharashtra saw a decline of 6.7 percentage points from 2001-2011.

Population Composition

  • Composition includes age, sex, place of residence, ethnic characteristics, language, religion, marital status, literacy, and occupation.
  • Approximately 68.8% of the population lives in rural areas (2011).

Rural-Urban Composition

  • India has 640,867 villages, with 93.2% inhabited.
  • Urban population is 31.16% and growing faster than rural population.

Linguistic Composition

  • India has about 22 scheduled languages and numerous dialects.
  • Hindi has the highest percentage of speakers among scheduled languages.

Religious Composition

  • Religion significantly influences cultural and political life in India.
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Practice Test – MCQs, True/False

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Multiple Choice Questions

A.

It decreases population density by reducing agricultural land.

B.

It increases population density by supporting agriculture.

C.

It has no impact on population distribution.

D.

It leads to urbanization, reducing rural population density.
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The development of irrigation facilities in arid regions like Rajasthan increases population density by making agriculture viable, attracting more people to settle in these areas.

Chapter Concept:

Population Distribution and Density in India

A.

Lack of industrial development

B.

Harsh climatic conditions

C.

Limited transportation networks

D.

Scarcity of water resources
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The Himalayan states have low population density mainly due to harsh climatic conditions that make the region less hospitable for large human settlements.

Chapter Concept:

Population Distribution and Density in India

A.

Hindus

B.

Muslims

C.

Jains

D.

Buddhists
Correct Answer: C

Solution:

Jains constitute 0.4% of the population, making them one of the smallest religious groups in India.

Chapter Concept:

Linguistic and Religious Composition

A.

Physiological density considers total population per net cultivated area, while crude density considers total population per total land area.

B.

Physiological density considers total agricultural population per net cultivated area, while crude density considers total population per total land area.

C.

Physiological density considers total population per total land area, while crude density considers total population per net cultivated area.

D.

Physiological density considers total agricultural population per total land area, while crude density considers total population per net cultivated area.
Correct Answer: A

Solution:

Physiological density is calculated as total population divided by net cultivated area, whereas crude density is the total population divided by total land area.

Chapter Concept:

Population Growth and Demographic Transition in India

A.

Primary sector

B.

Secondary sector

C.

Tertiary sector

D.

Quaternary sector
Correct Answer: C

Solution:

The occupational structure indicates a shift from the primary sector to the tertiary sector, reflecting economic development.

Chapter Concept:

Occupational Structure and Economic Sectors

A.

Delhi

B.

Himachal Pradesh

C.

Maharashtra

D.

Tamil Nadu
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Himachal Pradesh has a larger share of workers in the primary sector, mainly as cultivators.

Chapter Concept:

Occupational Structure and Economic Sectors

A.

Development of irrigation facilities

B.

Industrial development and urbanization

C.

Historical settlement patterns

D.

Proximity to mineral resources
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Urban areas like Mumbai and Delhi have high population density due to industrial development and urbanization, attracting rural-urban migrants.

Chapter Concept:

Population Distribution and Density in India

A.

High industrialization

B.

Early history of human settlement and development of transport network

C.

Abundance of mineral resources

D.

Proximity to international trade routes
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

The high population density in the river plains and coastal areas of India is primarily due to an early history of human settlement and the development of transport networks.

Chapter Concept:

Population Growth and Demographic Transition in India

A.

Availability of mineral resources

B.

Climatic conditions

C.

Historical settlement patterns

D.

Industrial development
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Climatic conditions, along with terrain and availability of water, largely determine the pattern of population distribution in India.

Chapter Concept:

Linguistic and Religious Composition

A.

It measures the total population per unit area.

B.

It provides insight into the pressure of population on arable land.

C.

It indicates the number of people living in urban areas.

D.

It reflects the distribution of population across different states.
Correct Answer: B

Solution:

Physiological density provides a better understanding of the pressure of population on arable land, which is significant for a country like India with a large agricultural population.

Chapter Concept:

Population Distribution and Density in India

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Population distribution - Density and Growth and Composition

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True or False

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The Indo-Aryan language family is indeed the largest linguistic group in India, comprising 73% of the population as per the linguistic classification provided.

Chapter Concept :

Linguistic and Religious Composition

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

In the post-1981 period, the growth rate of India's population, though high, has started slowing down gradually.

Chapter Concept :

Population Growth and Demographic Transition in India

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The urban population in India is showing a much faster rate of growth over the decades due to enhanced economic development and improvement in health and hygienic conditions.

Chapter Concept :

Rural-Urban Composition and Migration

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as a period of stagnant or stationary phase of growth of India's population.

Chapter Concept :

Population Growth and Demographic Transition in India

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Bihar has the highest population density among Indian states, not Uttar Pradesh.

Chapter Concept :

Population Distribution and Density in India

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Uttar Pradesh is noted as having the highest population in the provided excerpts.

Chapter Concept :

Population Distribution and Density in India

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

Urban regions in India have high concentrations of population due to industrial development and rural-urban migration, facilitated by the development of transport networks.

Chapter Concept :

Rural-Urban Composition and Migration

Correct Answer: True

Solution:

The density of population in India in 2011 is given as 382 persons per square kilometer.

Chapter Concept :

Population Distribution and Density in India

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Kerala and Tamil Nadu have higher population densities among the peninsular states, but Bihar and West Bengal have even higher densities.

Chapter Concept :

Population Distribution and Density in India

Correct Answer: False

Solution:

Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu show a low rate of growth not exceeding 20% over the decade 1991-2001.

Chapter Concept :

Population Growth and Demographic Transition in India

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