• Understand the theme encapsulated in the title 'Refugee Blues'.
• Analyze the poetic techniques used to convey the plaintive theme of the poem.
• Explore the significance of references to birds and animals in the poem.
• Examine how the poet juxtaposes the human condition with the behavior of the political class.
• Interpret how the essence of the poem is captured in the lines 'two tickets to Happiness'.

Refugee Blues by Wystan Hugh Auden

Overview

• Theme: The poem encapsulates the struggles and despair of refugees.
• Form: Modern poem using the ballad form of narration.

Poetic Techniques

1. Refrain: Repeated phrases that emphasize the emotional weight of the poem.
2. Pathos: Evokes feelings of pity and sorrow for the plight of refugees.
3. Irony: Highlights the contrast between the lives of the privileged and the struggles of the displaced.
4. Sarcasm: Used to critique societal attitudes towards refugees.

Key Lines and Their Significance

• 'two tickets to Happiness': Represents the unattainable hope for a better life.

Imagery and Symbolism

• Nature References: Birds and animals symbolize freedom, contrasting with the constraints faced by humans.
• Color Symbolism: The color 'blue' suggests sadness; other colors can carry various emotions and moods.

Questions for Understanding

1. How does the title encapsulate the theme of the poem?
2. What poetic techniques convey the plaintive theme?
3. What do references to birds and animals suggest?
4. How does the poet juxtapose human conditions with political behavior?
5. How is the essence of the poem captured in the lines about happiness?

About the Poet

• Wystan Hugh Auden (1907-1973): Noted for his irony, compassion, and wit; served as a Professor of Poetry at Oxford University.