Learning Objectives

• Analyze how geography influenced Maratha military strategy and state formation.
• Create a short biography of a Maratha leader, highlighting their inspirational qualities and challenges.
• Research and present on a chosen Maratha fort, focusing on its history, architecture, and strategic importance.
• Discuss the implications of British colonialism on the Marathas compared to other powers.
• Compare the treatment of religious diversity by Shivaji and later Marathas.
• Evaluate the significance of forts in Maratha survival against larger enemies.
• Design a coin representing Maratha achievements and values, explaining chosen symbols.
• Assess the most important contributions of the Maratha period to Indian history.

Maratha Administration Notes

Overview of Maratha Administration

• Shivaji instituted a relatively centralised administration for his kingdom.
• Abolished hereditary posts and land assignments.
• Paid salaries to government officials from the state treasury.
• Officials were periodically transferred to prevent accumulation of power.

Key Contributions of Serfoji II

• Notable ruler of the Thanjavur Maratha dynasty.
• Well-versed in Indian and European languages.
• Wrote a Marathi play named Devendra Kuravanji detailing world geography.
• Patronized musicians, contributing to the development of modern Carnatic music.
• Established the Dhanwantari Mahal, a center for free medical treatment using Indian and Western medicine.
• Started the first printing press in India by a native ruler.
• Inscribed the history of the Bhonsle family on the walls of the Brihadishwara temple.

Important Figures in Maratha Administration

Historical Context

• Nana Phadnavis organized the first pan-Indian anti-British alliance, uniting various factions against British rule.
• Shivaji's administration included pensions for widows of soldiers and military posts for their sons, demonstrating care for soldiers' families.