Learning Objectives
- Understand the quantum mechanical model of the atom, including the nature of electromagnetic radiation, Planck's quantum theory, and the photoelectric effect.
- Describe and analyze the Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr atomic models.
- Explore the wave nature of electromagnetic radiation and Planck's quantum theory, including calculations involving wave equations () and energy equations ().
- Analyze the photoelectric effect, including Einstein's explanation using quantum theory and the calculation of kinetic energy of ejected electrons.
- Study emission and absorption spectra, focusing on the line spectra of hydrogen and the Rydberg formula for spectral lines.
- Understand the dual behavior of matter and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, including the de Broglie wavelength equation ().
- Learn about the discovery and characterization of sub-atomic particles, including experiments like the cathode ray tube and Millikan's oil drop experiment.
- Examine Bohr's model for the hydrogen atom, including quantized orbits and the calculation of energy levels using the Rydberg constant.
- Study quantum numbers and the shapes of orbitals, including Principal (), Azimuthal (), Magnetic (), and Spin () quantum numbers.
- Apply rules for filling orbitals and electronic configuration, including the Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule of Maximum Multiplicity.
- Calculate and interpret atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and isobars, including symbolic representation of atoms/ions.