- Identify and describe the main character, Mahendra, and his profession.
- Analyze the storytelling technique used by Iswaran.
- Discuss the themes of fear and superstition as presented in the story.
- Evaluate the impact of Iswaran's stories on Mahendra's perception of reality.
- Explore the significance of the setting in shaping the narrative.
Iswaran the Storyteller
Learning Objectives
TopRevision Notes & Summary
TopIswaran the Storyteller
Overview
- Mahendra, a junior supervisor, works at various construction sites.
- He is accompanied by Iswaran, his cook, who is also a storyteller.
Character Descriptions
-
Mahendra:
- Junior supervisor in a construction firm.
- Moves frequently between work sites.
- Initially skeptical of ghosts.
-
Iswaran:
- Mahendra's cook and companion.
- Talented storyteller with a flair for drama.
- Capable of conjuring meals from limited resources.
Themes
-
Storytelling:
- Iswaran's stories are filled with adventure, horror, and suspense.
- He compensates for the absence of a TV in Mahendra's life.
-
Fear and Imagination:
- Mahendra's experiences lead him to question his beliefs about ghosts.
- The narrative explores the impact of storytelling on perception and reality.
Key Events
- Mahendra wakes up to a
Exam Tips & Common Mistakes
TopCommon Mistakes and Exam Tips
Common Pitfalls
- Misinterpretation of Characters: Students may confuse the roles of Mahendra and Iswaran, leading to incorrect answers about their relationship and contributions to the story.
- Ignoring Context: Failing to consider the setting and background of the story can result in misunderstandings of key events, such as Mahendra's fear of ghosts.
- Overlooking Details: Important narrative elements, like Iswaran's storytelling style and its impact on Mahendra, may be missed, affecting comprehension and analysis.
Tips for Success
- Pay Attention to Character Dynamics: Understand how Iswaran's storytelling compensates for Mahendra's lack of entertainment, as this is crucial for character analysis.
- Analyze the Themes: Focus on themes such as fear, imagination, and the supernatural, which are central to the story's plot.
- Practice Storytelling Techniques: Recognize Iswaran's narrative style and how it engages Mahendra; consider how you might use similar techniques in your own storytelling.
- Review Key Events: Make sure to remember significant moments, like Mahendra's experience on the full-moon night and Iswaran's ghost stories, as they are often focal points in exam questions.
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Practice Test – MCQs, True/False
TopMultiple Choice Questions
A.
Coal mining area
B.
Chemical plant
C.
Railway bridge construction site
D.
Oil refinery
Correct Answer: D
Solution:
The excerpt mentions Mahendra moving between a coal mining area, a railway bridge construction site, and a chemical plant, but does not mention an oil refinery.
A.
Deforestation
B.
Industrial pollution
C.
Urbanization
D.
Global warming
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
The illustration metaphorically addresses industrial pollution and its impact on health and the environment, as indicated by the factories with chimneys emitting smoke.
A.
It is taken to a zoo.
B.
It is led away to the jungle by its mahout.
C.
It is sold to another timber yard.
D.
It remains in the town as a pet.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
After being subdued, a veterinary doctor revives the elephant, and two days later, it is led away by its mahout to the jungle.
A.
It was Mahendra's birthday.
B.
It was a festival day.
C.
It was a day to feed the spirits of ancestors.
D.
It was the anniversary of the company's founding.
Correct Answer: C
Solution:
Iswaran mentioned that the day was auspicious because it was a tradition to prepare delicacies to feed the spirits of ancestors.
A.
He dismissed them as nonsense.
B.
He started believing in ghosts.
C.
He felt uneasy and peered into the darkness at night.
D.
He asked Iswaran to stop telling stories.
Correct Answer: C
Solution:
Despite dismissing the stories as nonsense, Mahendra felt uneasy and peered into the darkness at night.
A.
Because the stories were always true.
B.
Because Iswaran's storytelling made up for the absence of a TV.
C.
Because he found the stories educational.
D.
Because he enjoyed the historical accuracy.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Mahendra appreciated Iswaran's storytelling because it more than made up for the absence of a TV in his living quarters.
A.
A book on animal behavior
B.
A Japanese art like Karate or ju-jitsu
C.
A guide on elephant training
D.
A novel about brave heroes
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran claimed that he had read about a Japanese art like Karate or ju-jitsu that temporarily paralyses the nervous system.
A.
He was amused and laughed.
B.
He shivered and felt uneasy.
C.
He ignored it completely.
D.
He was curious and wanted to know more.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Mahendra shivered at the description and interrupted rather sharply, indicating he felt uneasy.
A.
A mystical chant
B.
A Japanese martial art
C.
A tranquilizer dart
D.
A secret potion
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran claimed to have used a Japanese martial art technique, such as karate or ju-jitsu, to temporarily paralyze the elephant's nervous system.
A.
Their historical accuracy
B.
Their entertainment value
C.
Their educational content
D.
Their scientific explanations
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Mahendra enjoyed listening to Iswaran's stories because of their entertainment value and the inimitable way they were told.
A.
To narrate stories to workers
B.
To oversee activities at construction sites
C.
To cook meals for the workers
D.
To design construction plans
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Mahendra's job was to keep an eye on the activities at the work site.
A.
It was a former battlefield
B.
It was once a burial ground
C.
It was a wildlife sanctuary
D.
It was a historic monument
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran mentioned that the factory area was once a burial ground.
A.
It was Mahendra's birthday.
B.
It was an auspicious day to feed the spirits of ancestors.
C.
It was a national holiday.
D.
It was the anniversary of the factory.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran mentioned that it was an auspicious day according to tradition to prepare delicacies to feed the spirits of ancestors.
A.
The beauty of industrial progress
B.
The impact of industrial pollution on health and environment
C.
The economic benefits of factories
D.
The architectural design of factories
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
The diagram metaphorically addresses issues like industrial pollution and its impact on health and the environment, as indicated by the visible skull and bones and the smoke-emitting chimneys.
A.
A type of tree
B.
The state of being in someone's power
C.
A type of sound
D.
A type of animal
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
The term 'in thrall' means the state of being in someone's power.
A.
He was a junior supervisor at construction sites.
B.
He was a school teacher.
C.
He was a cook.
D.
He was a veterinary doctor.
Correct Answer: A
Solution:
Mahendra was a junior supervisor in a firm that offered supervisors on hire at various construction sites.
A.
Used a tranquilizer
B.
Whacked its third toenail
C.
Called the police
D.
Used a net to capture it
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
In the story, Iswaran claims to have subdued the elephant by whacking its third toenail, which temporarily paralyzed the animal.
A.
A beautiful woman with long hair
B.
A horrible ghost of a woman with matted hair and a shrivelled face
C.
A shadowy figure with glowing eyes
D.
A giant figure with a booming voice
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran described the ghost as a horrible woman with matted hair and a shrivelled face.
A.
A fallen giant
B.
A broken bridge
C.
A sleeping dragon
D.
A toppled tower
Correct Answer: A
Solution:
Iswaran describes the uprooted tree on the highway as a fallen giant, aiming to create a dramatic effect in his listeners.
A.
Coal mining area
B.
Railway bridge construction site
C.
Chemical plant
D.
Oil refinery
Correct Answer: D
Solution:
The excerpt mentions that Mahendra's job required him to move to various places, including a coal mining area, a railway bridge construction site, and a chemical plant. An oil refinery is not mentioned.
A.
He is fascinated and believes every word.
B.
He dismisses them as figments of imagination.
C.
He is terrified and avoids Iswaran.
D.
He insists on scientific explanations.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Mahendra dismisses Iswaran's stories about ghosts as figments of imagination and suggests that Iswaran should have his digestive system and head examined.
A.
They tried to capture it
B.
They ran into the classrooms and shut the doors
C.
They ignored it
D.
They fed it fruits
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
When the elephant entered the school ground, all the boys ran into the classrooms and shut the doors tight.
A.
A wild elephant
B.
A dark cloudy form
C.
A ghostly woman
D.
A human skull
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Mahendra saw 'a dark cloudy form' which made him break out into a cold sweat.
A.
He ran away with the other children.
B.
He climbed onto the school terrace.
C.
He confronted the elephant with a cane.
D.
He called for help from the authorities.
Correct Answer: C
Solution:
Iswaran grabbed a cane and confronted the elephant, moving slowly towards it.
A.
A tranquilizer
B.
A special chant
C.
A Japanese art like karate or ju-jitsu
D.
A magic spell
Correct Answer: C
Solution:
Iswaran claimed that he used a Japanese art like karate or ju-jitsu to temporarily paralyze the elephant's nervous system.
A.
By using a tranquilizer
B.
By using a Japanese martial art
C.
By calling a veterinary doctor
D.
By setting a trap
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran claimed to have subdued the elephant using a Japanese art, possibly karate or ju-jitsu, which temporarily paralyzes the nervous system.
A.
It was built on a former playground.
B.
It was once a burial ground.
C.
It was a famous tourist spot.
D.
It was known for its beautiful gardens.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran mentioned that the entire factory area was once a burial ground.
A.
It is Mahendra's birthday.
B.
It is an auspicious day to feed the spirits of ancestors.
C.
It marks the anniversary of Mahendra's employment.
D.
It is a national holiday.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran mentions that it is an auspicious day according to tradition, and they prepare various delicacies to feed the spirits of their ancestors.
A.
The area was a former battlefield.
B.
The area was once a burial ground.
C.
The area was a site of a natural disaster.
D.
The area was a former animal sanctuary.
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Iswaran mentions that the factory area was once a burial ground, which is why he finds skulls and bones.
A.
Because they were always true
B.
Because of the inimitable way they were told
C.
Because they were short and simple
D.
Because they were full of scientific facts
Correct Answer: B
Solution:
Mahendra enjoyed listening to Iswaran's stories because of the inimitable way they were told.
True or False
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Mahendra enjoyed Iswaran's storytelling because it was entertaining and made up for the absence of a TV.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran told a story about a tusker that escaped from a timber yard and caused chaos in a town.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran told Mahendra that the factory area they occupied was once a burial ground, which he claimed to have known from finding a human skull.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran claimed to have used a technique related to a Japanese martial art to temporarily paralyze the elephant.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran described seeing a ghost of a woman with matted hair and a shriveled face during the full moon.
Correct Answer: False
Solution:
Mahendra was a junior supervisor in a firm that provided supervisors for construction sites.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran frequently told stories packed with adventure, horror, and suspense, which Mahendra enjoyed.
Correct Answer: False
Solution:
Mahendra called ghosts or spirits a figment of the imagination and did not believe in them.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran narrated that the factory area was once a burial ground, mentioning he had seen skulls and bones.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran's storytelling was described as being so engaging that it more than made up for the absence of a TV in Mahendra's living quarters.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran claimed that he used a technique from a Japanese martial art, like karate or ju-jitsu, to temporarily paralyze the elephant's nervous system.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran told a story about a mad elephant that caused chaos in his town, which he claimed to have subdued.
Correct Answer: False
Solution:
Mahendra did not believe in ghosts or spirits and considered them a figment of imagination, despite feeling uneasy after hearing Iswaran's stories.
Correct Answer: False
Solution:
Despite dismissing the stories, Mahendra felt uneasy at night and peered into the darkness.
Correct Answer: False
Solution:
Mahendra dismissed Iswaran's stories about ghosts and spirits as figments of imagination.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
The excerpt states that Mahendra was a junior supervisor in a firm which offered supervisors at various types of construction sites.
Correct Answer: False
Solution:
Mahendra was a junior supervisor in a firm that hired supervisors for various construction sites.
Correct Answer: True
Solution:
Iswaran claimed that he used a technique related to martial arts, such as karate or ju-jitsu, to temporarily paralyze the elephant's nervous system.